Synergistic effects of air content and supplementary cementitious materials in reducing damage caused by calcium oxychloride formation in concrete

Pavement damage occurs in cold-region concrete exposed to high concentrations of calcium chloride (CaCl2). The is caused by a combination conventional freeze-thaw and the formation deleterious phase known as oxychloride from reaction between CaCl2 hydroxide concrete. Much research has focused on mitigation cement pastes, but not due oxychloride. In this study, synergistic roles air supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) reducing conditions studied. Concrete mixtures were made with different SCM replacement levels contents immersed 25% solutions subject cycles (−8 °C–25 °C) for 600 days. Bulk resistivity visual assessment excellent descriptors progression. Damage was reduced content increased. Mixtures which had 20% 8% 35% more than 4% showed strong durability against damage.